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<text id=89TT1140>
<title>
May 01, 1989: NATO:A Decision Not To Decide
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
May 01, 1989 Abortion
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 46
ALLIANCE
A Decision Not To Decide
</hdr><body>
<p>NATO gropes for answers to Gorbachev's arms initiatives
</p>
<p> Soviet tanks were on the move in Eastern Europe last week
-- and on the minds of the Western defense ministers who were
in Brussels to discuss NATO's next dilemma: whether and when to
modernize the alliance's remaining nuclear weapons. Some of the
armored divisions rumbling through East Germany and Hungary
were heading for assembly stations in preparation to go home,
making good on Mikhail Gorbachev's promise last December to
remove 50,000 troops, 5,000 tanks and other conventional arms
from Eastern Europe.
</p>
<p> The unilateral withdrawal is just the sort of act that
prompts critics to accuse NATO of being too sluggish and too
cautious in responding to Gorbachev's initiatives. Moreover, the
spectacle of departing troops, which Moscow intends to conduct
with considerable public fanfare, plays effectively to a
European public ever more willing to see the bright side of
Gorbachev's promises.
</p>
<p> The beleaguered government of West German Chancellor Helmut
Kohl is most vulnerable to these pressures. To stave off graver
trouble for Kohl, who faces an uphill battle for re-election in
December 1990, the U.S. and Britain reluctantly agreed to put
off until 1991 any decision about the future of the short-range
(80 miles) Lance nuclear missile. Public opinion in West
Germany solidly opposes replacing the U.S.-made Lance with a
newer missile capable of hitting targets 280 miles away. "It's
doubtful the Kohl government could survive next year's elections
if it is associated with a decision to deploy a new generation
of short-range nuclear systems," observed a senior British
official. And Kohl would probably likely be succeeded by an even
stronger antinuclear government led by left-of-center Social
Democrats and Greens.
</p>
<p> Both the U.S. and Britain are eager to proceed with
modernization of NATO's diminished nuclear arsenal. But neither
wants to force a confrontation that would hurt Kohl. So the
communique signed by the ministers was a masterpiece of
double-talk, reaffirming NATO's determination to maintain an
up-to-date nuclear capability but setting no date for deploying
the new missile. The ambiguous Brussels agreement was enough,
however, to permit American Defense Secretary Dick Cheney to
proceed with a two-year budget request for $150 million for
research and development of a new weapon.
</p>
<p> The postponement of a deployment decision only serves to
highlight what is increasingly apparent: Lance is a symbol of
a much broader trend toward the complete denuclearization of
NATO. Gorbachev set the stage for debating this several weeks
ago, when he proposed opening talks on reducing the remaining
short-range nuclear arsenals in Europe. The U.S. adamantly
opposes the timing, arguing that conventional arms talks, which
have just begun, must be wrapped up first. But the West German
government is under enormous pressure to persuade the Americans
to agree to start bargaining immediately for "equal but lower"
levels of short-range nuclear weapons. Some leading West Germans
are even pushing for eventual elimination of all short-range
nuclear arms in NATO's forward zones, something the U.S.
categorically rejects on the ground that without them, conflicts
might break out more easily. The Bonn government is so eager to
overcome U.S. opposition to these talks that it has dispatched
Defense Minister Gerhard Stoltenberg to Washington to plead
Germany's cause. The U.S. would rather Stoltenberg stayed home,
since the Administration does not intend to change its mind.
</p>
<p> The political rumble from Gorbachev's tanks will be even
more audible once the withdrawal begins. The Soviets are
cranking up media coverage, complete with waving children and
flowers tucked in the muzzles of tank cannons. But NATO cannot
simply ignore the powerful allure of Gorbachev's challenge,
despite its own dissensions. The defense ministers have dodged
confrontation for now, but the ominous antinuclear trend will
be less easily glossed over when the top leaders return to
Brussels for next month's summit.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>